Common Language
Specification (CLS)
Enables cross-language
interoperability
Common Language Specification
describes interoperability requirements
Inside CLS common type system
(CTS) describe how different data types for the same constant should work
together.
For example char array in C++ and
Strings in C# can be used as sequence of alphabets.
CLS is what the languages must
provide in order to work in the .NET Word.
This Specification is public so
any one can write a language to work with .NET frame work but first to
complete the CLS.
Over 15 languages are
supported today by .Net.
C#, VB, Jscript, Visual C++ are
from Microsoft, but there are some other
languages also that use the same set of
services as they came with CLS.
NET Classes (4 Areas)
ASP.NET:
ASP.NET provides the core Web infrastructure such as Web Forms
development and Web Services.
Windows Forms:
User interface development on the Windows platform can be done using
Windows Forms
ADO.NET:
Provide the means (functions, classes and so on..) for data access.
Base Class Library:
Finally, the core base classes library (BCL) contains namespaces
that group classes into common blocks of functionality for common and frequent
use.
For example all the classes deals
with files are in one namespace
Common Language Runtime
(CLR)
CLR provide common runtime
Environment for all .NET languages.
CLR purpose is to run and load
Application compiled to Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) or IL in short.
CLR manages basic services of .NET
such as:
Memory management
Garbage collection
Exception Handling
Loading/Running Applications
CLR with Managed and
Un-Managed code
CLR allow the applications to run
the managed and unmanaged code.
Unmanaged code runs out side the
CLR.
For example VB6/C++ code compiled
w/o .NET
Managed code runs within the CLR
and get benefits of the CLR features(
Memory management, Garbage Collection and So on).
NET Framework Base Class Library
BCL consists of classes that
provide base functionality for .NET Framework
And many classes that make your
life as developer easier
Library of classes used by all
.NET applications
Contains large number of classes
(Block of functionality, properties and events) grouped into namespaces
Each class within namespace has a
unique name.
BCL’s namespaces group classes
into common blocks of functionality.
For example all the classes deals
with files are in one namespace i.e. System.IO
Some BCL namespaces…
System
That includes the basic data types
like integer, string, time, Boolean and so on.
Some console and input/output,
garbage collection and memory management functions.
System.Data
Including the classes dealing with
data including ODBC, SQL server, data sources and so on.
System.IO
Have functionality about working
with streams and disks i.e. moving data from one place to an other.
System.Text
Dealing about string and texts.
Converts data from block of bytes to texts and so on.
System.Text.RegularExpresions
Providing some magic of string
operations and matching of data.
System.Web
Provide design and run time
support for web application.
System.Windows.Forms
Provides the support for using and
designing the windows application and its controls.
System.Text.RegularExpresions
Providing some magic of string
operations and matching of data.
System.Web
Provide design and run time
support for web application.
System.Windows.Forms
Provides the support for using and
designing the windows application and its controls.
System.Collections.Generic
Deals with the safe-type-caste
provide conversion between data values.
If different names for the same
data type are there in different language then this class ensures the .NET that
actually they are the same. E.g. int in C++ is same to integer in VB.net and
numeric of SQL.
System.Linq
Providing classes to link a source
and enable the application to query the data.
Design for
A Simple window application Add, Subtract, and Multiply
A Simple window application Add, Subtract, and Multiply
Addition Code
private void btnAdd_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
int num1,
num2, result;
String
rslt;
num1 = Convert.ToInt32(txtNum1.Text);
num2 =
Convert.ToInt32(txtNum2.Text);
result=num1+num2;
rslt =
result + "";
txtResult.Text = rslt;
Subtraction Code
private void btnSub_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
int num1,
num2, result;
String
rslt;
num1 =
Convert.ToInt32(txtNum1.Text);
num2 =
Convert.ToInt32(txtNum2.Text);
result =
num1 - num2;
rslt =
result + "";
txtResult.Text = rslt;
}
Multiplication Code
private void btnMul_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
int num1,
num2, result;
String
rslt;
num1 =
Convert.ToInt32(txtNum1.Text);
num2 =
Convert.ToInt32(txtNum2.Text);
result =
num1 * num2;
rslt =
result + "";
txtResult.Text = rslt;
}
